Thanks, I figured it out.
The problem is - my sprites overlap. So if I click the area of overlapping, my button technically fires twice.
EDIT: Overlapping is not the case - it seems that such button always fires twice.
EDIT2: Found some solution by adding UIButtonColor and pointing it to the second sprite (first one is already connected to the main UIButton).
Alas, it seems this component is deprecated (NGUI suggests me "to upgrade to a Button").