It appears that the shader may not be completely included, but I am at a loss for why. I will cover my attempts thus far.
The material referencing the shader is included in a prefab in the scene that is being loaded.
The texture being loaded exists, as I can see the atlas when I select the material.
If unlit/transparent is removed from the project, it does not reappear when the prefab is loaded, although the material lists it as its current shader.
If the prefab is interacted with, the editor crashes when exiting play mode. If it is not, it generally pops "Resource file has already been unloaded" before exiting play mode.
At initialization, there is an error about garbage collection that I can't currently reference.
Looking at similar issues, it appears to be a limitation of assetbundles not being able to compile code, but the code needed should already be compiled in the project.
http://imgur.com/3aECicgEdit: I finally managed to get it to display properly by switching shaders at runtime but it is still crashing the editor on exiting play mode.
It also only displays the text behind the clip panel on Android.