Ok, I've been taking a look at the UICamera script. Seems like it's hardcoded to use all three mouse buttons (it loops through Input.GetMouseButtonDown(i) from 0 to 2), and they're all considered the same as far as NGUI is concerned.
I'll just end up editing the code here. If anyone knows of any less intrusive way to selectively choose if NGUI as a whole responds to left/middle/right click, let me know.